Cleaning a steel penny requires a careful approach to preserve its historical and monetary value.

Issued during World War II, these unique coins were made from steel coated with zinc to conserve copper for the war effort. Over time, steel pennies can become tarnished or corroded, diminishing their appearance and potentially their value to collectors. Proper cleaning methods are essential to maintain their integrity and prevent further damage.

The process involves using gentle techniques and appropriate materials to avoid scratching or stripping the coin’s protective zinc coating. In this guide, we will outline step-by-step instructions for how to clean a steel penny, from initial inspection to the final polishing.

Whether you are an experienced numismatist or a novice collector, understanding how to clean these historical coins properly will help you preserve their condition and historical significance for years to come. Follow these guidelines to keep your steel pennies looking their best while safeguarding their value.

Understanding Steel Pennies

Steel pennies, officially known as 1943 steel cents, were a unique departure from the traditional copper cents minted by the United States. During World War II, copper was deemed crucial for wartime necessities, such as ammunition and other military equipment.

To accommodate this need, the U.S. Mint produced pennies from steel coated with zinc in 1943. This temporary change resulted in coins with a distinctive silvery appearance, differing significantly from the familiar bronze-colored pennies.

These steel cents are a fascinating aspect of numismatic history, not only for their unique composition but also for their role in the war effort.

However, the use of steel presented specific issues. Steel is prone to rust, and the thin zinc coating could wear off, exposing the metal beneath to corrosive elements. As a result, many steel pennies today show signs of rust, tarnish, or discoloration.

Identifying authentic steel pennies is relatively easy. They are magnetic due to their steel content, whereas copper and zinc pennies are not.

Additionally, the year “1943” is a clear indicator, as steel pennies were only produced during that year. Understanding these characteristics can help collectors verify the authenticity of their coins and appreciate their historical context.

10 Methods How to Clean a Steel Penny

1. Gentle Rinse with Distilled Water

The simplest and most non-invasive method for cleaning a steel penny is to rinse it gently with distilled water. Distilled water is free from minerals and impurities that could react with the metal and cause damage or discoloration. Begin by holding the steel penny under a gentle stream of distilled water.

Use your fingers to softly rub away any surface dirt. This method is particularly useful for pennies that have only minor surface dirt and do not require heavy cleaning. After rinsing, pat the penny dry with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent water spots. This approach helps maintain the penny’s integrity and prevents unnecessary wear.

2. Soap and Water Solution

For a slightly more thorough cleaning, a mild soap and water solution can be effective. Use a small amount of gentle dish soap mixed with distilled water. Dip the steel penny into the soapy water and use a soft toothbrush to lightly scrub its surface. Be sure to use gentle, circular motions to avoid scratching the penny.

This method is ideal for removing more persistent dirt and grime. After scrubbing, rinse the penny thoroughly with distilled water to remove any soap residue, and dry it immediately with a soft cloth. This process ensures that the penny is clean without compromising its condition.

3. Olive Oil Soak

Soaking the steel penny in olive oil can help loosen dirt and grime without damaging the metal. Place the penny in a small dish and cover it with olive oil. Allow it to soak for several days, which will help to loosen any adhered dirt or corrosion.

After soaking, use a soft toothbrush to gently scrub the penny, focusing on areas where dirt is most stubborn. Olive oil is a gentle cleaner that will not react with the steel, making it safe for use on collectible coins. Once cleaned, rinse the penny with distilled water to remove the oil and pat it dry with a soft cloth.

4. Lemon Juice and Baking Soda Paste

For more stubborn stains or corrosion, a paste made from lemon juice and baking soda can be an effective cleaner.

The acidity of the lemon juice helps to break down corrosion, while the baking soda acts as a gentle abrasive. To create the paste, mix equal parts lemon juice and baking soda until it forms a thick consistency. Apply the paste to the steel penny using a soft cloth or a toothbrush, gently rubbing in a circular motion.

Allow the paste to sit on the penny for a few minutes before rinsing it off with distilled water. Dry the penny thoroughly with a soft cloth to prevent any moisture damage.

5. Vinegar Soak

A vinegar soak can help to remove light corrosion and restore the penny’s natural shine. Fill a small dish with white vinegar and submerge the steel penny for no more than a few minutes.

Vinegar’s mild acidity helps to dissolve rust and other surface impurities without causing significant damage to the metal. After soaking, use a soft toothbrush to gently scrub the penny.

Rinse the coin thoroughly with distilled water to remove any vinegar residue, and dry it immediately with a soft cloth. This method should be used sparingly, as prolonged exposure to vinegar can be harmful to the steel.

6. Use of Isopropyl Alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol is a useful cleaner for removing oils, fingerprints, and light grime from steel pennies. Dampen a soft cloth or cotton ball with isopropyl alcohol and gently wipe the surface of the penny.

The alcohol evaporates quickly, leaving no residue behind. This method is particularly effective for spot cleaning and disinfecting. After cleaning, use a dry, soft cloth to buff the penny and restore its shine. Isopropyl alcohol is a safe and non-abrasive cleaner that can be used regularly to maintain the appearance of steel pennies without causing any damage.

7. Commercial Coin Cleaners

Commercial coin cleaners are specifically formulated to clean and preserve collectible coins, including steel pennies.

These cleaners are available in liquid or paste form and can be found at coin shops or online. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully to avoid damaging the penny. Typically, you will apply the cleaner to a soft cloth or brush and gently clean the coin.

Commercial cleaners are designed to remove dirt, grime, and light corrosion while preserving the coin’s patina. After cleaning, rinse the penny with distilled water and dry it thoroughly with a soft cloth. Regular use of commercial cleaners can keep steel pennies in excellent condition.

8. Baking Soda and Water Paste

A paste made from baking soda and water can be used as a gentle abrasive to clean steel pennies. Mix a small amount of baking soda with distilled water to form a thick paste.

Apply the paste to the penny using a soft cloth or toothbrush, rubbing gently in a circular motion. Baking soda helps to lift and remove dirt and tarnish without scratching the metal.

After cleaning, rinse the penny with distilled water to remove the paste, and dry it thoroughly with a soft cloth. This method is safe for regular use and helps to maintain the penny’s appearance over time.

9. Avoiding Abrasive Cleaners

When cleaning steel pennies, it is crucial to avoid using abrasive cleaners, steel wool, or harsh chemicals. These substances can scratch the surface of the penny, removing its patina and reducing its value.

Even for tough stains, it is better to use gentle cleaning methods and repeated applications of mild cleaners. Always use soft cloths and brushes to avoid damaging the coin.

If you are unsure about a particular cleaning method, it is best to consult with a professional coin cleaner or conservator. By avoiding abrasive cleaners, you can preserve the integrity and value of your steel pennies.

10. Proper Storage and Handling

Proper storage and handling are essential for maintaining the condition of steel pennies. Store them in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and humidity, which can cause corrosion.

Use acid-free coin holders or albums to protect the pennies from physical damage and environmental contaminants. When handling steel pennies, always use clean, dry hands or wear cotton gloves to prevent oils and dirt from transferring to the coins.

Regularly inspect your collection for signs of damage or corrosion, and clean the pennies as needed using the methods described above. Proper care and storage will ensure that your steel pennies remain in excellent condition for years to come.

Conclusion

Caring for and preserving steel pennies is an important aspect of coin collecting that helps maintain their historical value and aesthetic appeal.

By employing gentle cleaning methods such as olive oil soaks, lemon juice and baking soda pastes, vinegar soaks, and isopropyl alcohol, collectors can effectively remove dirt and light corrosion without causing damage to the coins.

Additionally, avoiding abrasive cleaners and implementing proper storage and handling techniques will further protect these valuable pieces. Thanks for reading, and we hope this has given you some inspiration on how to clean a steel penny!